Academician Lecture | 龚新高院士谈“双碳”

5月12日，中国科学院院士、广东以色列理工学院校长、复旦大学教授龚新高来到上海市复旦中学，以“阳光点亮‘双碳’ 未来——从光电效应到太阳能电池”为题，向全校高一学生开展科普讲座。由于场地限制，讲座同时也面向高二学生进行全程直播。

习近平主席在第75届联合国大会提出：“采取更加有力的政策和措施，二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。” 碳达峰、碳中和是我国综合考虑生态文明和经济发展后向国际社会作出的庄严承诺，对全球应对气候变化和我国经济高质量发展具有重要意义。龚教授认为，要实现“双碳”目标，首先要实现碳减排，因为常规能源的转换过程会产生大量的二氧化碳，直接从太阳获取能量是实现双碳目标最有效的办法之一。

“虽然太阳辐射的能量只有约十亿分之一到达地球，但是到达地球的太阳辐射一小时可以满足人类一年的能源消耗。”面对同学关于“太阳靠得住吗”的疑问，龚教授解释道。而要实现太阳能的利用就离不开一百八十年前法国物理学家发现的光电效应，即一定能量的光子可以把电子从物质中“打”出来，以及近七十年后爱因斯坦对光电效应的物理解释：如果在“打”出来的电子附近施加一个电场，让电子定向运动，才能形成真正意义上的太阳能电池，从而达到做功的目的。这中间包含着无数原理及不同领域科学家的通力合作。龚新高校长用深入浅出的语言，向大家进行了一一解释。

龚新高校长通过从光电效应到太阳能电池的应用，向同学们阐述了科学与技术的差别。科学，是于无声处听惊雷，好奇心和并不追求经济利益的科学实验起到了关键的作用；颠覆技术，是科学革命的产物，不是来自技术革新的后果。实现国家“碳达峰、碳中和”的目标，离不开科学和技术的发展，而促成这些发展、推动社会进步，正是每一位科学家的使命。在讲座的最后，龚校长勉励同学们不仅要认真学习、刻苦钻研科学知识，也要以造福人类造福社会为己任，做有益于国家有益于社会的新时代人才。

“由光电效应催生量子力学的含义是什么？”“科技发展这么快，现在掌握的理科知识到了大学是否就过时了？“”如果想要成为一名像您一样的科学家，现在开始应该如何准备？“龚校长精彩的讲座受到同学们的热捧 。在提问环节，同学们纷纷举手互动，十分珍惜这次和院士面对面交流的机会，表现出了对科学知识的极大兴趣。

On May 12th, Prof. Gong Xingao, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences andChancellor of Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technologycame to Shanghai Fudan High School and gave Grade 10 students a lecture with the title of “Sunlight Light Up the “Double Carbon” — From Photoelectric Effect to Solar Cells”. Due to the space limited, the lecture was also broadcast live to Grade 11 students.

President Xi Jinping proposed at the 75th United Nations General Assembly that China will adopt more powerful policies and measures, strive to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions before 2030, and to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Emission Peakand Carbon Neutrality arecommitments that China has made to the international community after comprehensively considering ecological civilization and economic development. It is of greatsignificance to the climate change and the high-quality development of China. Prof. Gong Xingao believes that to achieve these goals, we must achieve carbon emissions reduction. Because the process of using conventional energy may produce a large amount of carbon dioxide, obtaining energy directly from the sun can help us achieve the goal of “Double Carbon”.

"Although only about one-billionth of solar radiation energy reaches the earth, one hour of it can covera year of energy consumption." Prof. Gong Xingao explained. We couldn’tuse solar radiation without the photoelectric effect theory discovered by French scientist 180 years ago, that is, photons of a certain energy can "punch" electrons out of matter and the explanation of Einstein at almost 70 years after discovered it. Einstein said that if an electric field is applied near "punch" electrons to allow the electrons to move in a directional direction, and then to the solar cell that achieve the purpose of working. Theinvention ofsolar cellsis inseparablefromthe cooperation of scientists indifferent fields.

Prof. Gong Xingao explained the difference between science and technology through the application of photoelectric effect to solar cells. Science is to listen to thunder in silence, curiosity and scientific experiments without economic benefits playa key role. It is scientific revolution not the technological innovation that subverting the technology. The achievements of the national goal of Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality are inseparable from the development of science and technology and the effort of every scientist. At the end of the lecture, Prof. Gong Xingao encouraged the students not only to study hard, but also to take the responsibilities of society.

"What is the meaning of quantum mechanics spawned by the photoelectric effect?" "Technology is developing so fast, is the science knowledge that we have will become obsolete when we enter universities?" "If I want to become a scientist like you, what should I do now?" Prof. Gong Xingao’s wonderful lecture was highly praised by the students. During the questioning session, students raised their hands to interact, appreciated the opportunity to have face-to-face communication with the academician and showed great interest in scientific knowledge.

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