The World AIDS Day | 共担防艾责任，共享健康权利

昨天（12月1日）是第33个世界艾滋病日。为宣传和普及预防艾滋病的知识，引导学生树立“每个人是自己健康第一责任人”的理念，广东以色列理工学院邀请金平区疾控中心的工作人员向学生进行知识宣教。

广以校医室医生和金平区疾控中心工作人员在学生宿舍架空层发放艾滋病科普手册和避孕套，为前来咨询的师生答疑，宣传、普及预防艾滋病的相关知识。

“今年艾滋病日的宣传活动主题是‘携手防疫抗艾，共担健康责任’，我们希望让这样的科普活动走进校园，让同学们从自身做起，增进对艾滋病的认识，知艾、懂艾、远离它。”金平区疾控中心工作人员黄仲彬如是说。

艾滋病相关知识科普

什么是艾滋病？

艾滋病的全称为“获得性免疫缺陷综合症”，“艾滋病”英文绪写为"AIDS"。艾滋病是一种由艾滋病病毒(HIV)传播。侵入人体后破坏人体免疫功能，而使人体发生一系列不可治愈的感染和肿瘤，最后导致患者死亡的传染病。目前尚无特效的治疗药物和有效的预防疫苗。

艾滋病的主要传播途径是什么？

1.性接触

包括阴道性交，和同性或异性之间的肛交和口交。婚外的性行为越多，感染艾滋病的危险越大。

2.血液传播

指输入或注射艾滋病病毒污染的血液或血制品，使用未经彻底消毒的非一次性注射用品及其它侵入人体的器械或共用注射器吸毒。

3.母婴传播

指患有艾滋病或已感染艾滋病病毒的妇女通过妊娠、分娩和哺乳可能把艾滋病病毒传染给她的婴儿。

如何知道自己感染了艾滋病？

一般说来,在发生高危行为(即共用注射器静脉吸毒、不安全输血和卖血及发生不洁性行为) 6-12周后即可检测出艾滋病病毒抗体，可在3个月时去有资质的医院或疾病预防控制中心检测。如有必要，也可及早进行暴露后阻断。

如何预防艾滋病？

1.注意洁身自爱，遵守性道德，不随便与别人在没有保护的情况下发生性行为。

2.进行安全的性行为，正确使用安全套，减少感染艾滋病、性病的危险。

3.拒绝吸毒，远离毒品，珍爱生命。

4.不与他人共用注射器具。

5.避免不必要的输血和注射，进行穿破皮肤的行为时保证用具经过严格的消毒。不轻易接受注射血制品。

6.拒绝使用未经严格消毒的器具拔牙和美容。

7.及时、规范地治疗性病可以大大降低感染艾滋病病毒的可能。

Yesterday (December 1) is the 33rd World AIDS Day. In order to popularize the knowledge of AIDS prevention and guide students to establish the concept of being responsible for their health, GTIIT invited the staff from the Center of Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)of Shantou, Jinping District to popularize the knowledge of AIDS to students.

AIDS-related brochures and condoms were distributed in the open floor of the student dormitory. Some teachers and students came to consult AIDS related issues and learn how to prevent AIDS.

"The theme of this year's AIDS day is 'Global solidarity, shared responsibility'. We hope to carry out this kind of activity on campus to enhance students’ understanding of AIDS and stay away from it." Huang Zhongbin, staff from CDC said.

About AIDS

What Is AIDS?

AIDS is the latestage of HIV infectionthat occurs when the body's immune system is badly damaged because of the virus.

How Do You Get or Transmit HIV?

You can only get HIV by coming into direct contact with certain body fluids from a person with HIV who has a detectable viral load. These fluids are:

• Blood

• Semen (cum) and pre-seminal fluid

• Rectal fluids

• Vaginal fluids

• Breast milk

How Is HIV Spread from Person to Person?

• Having vaginal or anal sex with someone who has HIVwithout using a condom or taking medicines to prevent or treat HIV. Anal sex is riskier than vaginal sex.

• Sharing injection drug equipment("works"), such as needles,with someone who has HIV.

HIV Prevention

Although many researchers are working to develop one, there's currently no vaccine available to prevent the transmission of HIV. However, taking certain steps can help prevent the transmission of HIV.

Safer Sex

The most common way for HIV to be transferred is through anal or vaginal sex without a condom or other barrier method. This risk can't be completely eliminated unless sex is avoided entirely, but the risk can be lowered considerably by taking a few precautions.

• Use condoms.They should learn the correct way to use condoms and use them every time they have sex, whether it's through vaginal or anal intercourse. It's important to keep in mind that pre-seminal fluids (which come out before male ejaculation) can contain HIV.

• Avoid sharing needles or otherparaphernalia.HIV is transmitted throughblood and can be contracted by using materials that have come in contact with the blood of someone who has HIV.

Make Their Health Their Top Priority

Steps to help people living with HIV feel their best include:

• fueling their body with a well-balanced diet

• exercising regularly

• getting plenty of rest

• avoiding tobacco and other drugs

• reporting any new symptoms to their healthcare provider right away

文：GTIIT校医室、GTIIT传媒与公共事务部

图：GTIIT传媒与公共事务部

Text:GTIITClinic,GTIIT News & Public Affairs

Photos: GTIIT News & Public Affairs