Sponge campus | 从绿色校园迈向“海绵校园”

日前，国家节水型城市验收小组领导及专家莅临检查，对广东以色列理工学院基于海绵城市理念建设节水型绿色校园的举措及成效予以充分肯定。让我们一起来看看广以的各项建设举措与成效。

一瓶水倒在地上，一眨眼的功夫，地面像穿了速干衣般迅速恢复干爽。地面为何能像海绵一样在短时间内吸走大量水分？“会喝水”的地面与普通地面又有什么不同？

在广以校园内， 65.4%的地面面积采用透水铺装，利用材料多孔隙特性，有效改善地面透水性能。

透水地面与碎石地面（左） VS普通大理石地面（右）

广以校道铺设透水地面

看起来平平无奇的透水铺装材料为何受到如此青睐？

每到降雨量增多的时节，城市地下排水系统压力骤增，内涝给人们带来困扰的同时也存在不可忽视的安全隐患。“海绵城市”概念的提出为解决这一问题提供新的思路。城市像海绵一样具有弹性，下雨时吸水、蓄水、渗水、净水，需要时释放蓄存的水加以利用。

海绵城市概念图示（来源：网络）

使用透水铺装地面，便是建造“海绵垫”的措施之一。

广以在设计与建设初期就具有前瞻意识，遵循“加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会”的国家战略，将海绵城市与节水的理念有机结合，践行“绿色校园”理念，取得明显成效。日前，国家节水型城市验收小组领导及专家莅临检查，对广以以“海绵校园”为目标的建设举措及成效予以充分肯定。

“水光潋滟晴方好，山色空蒙雨亦奇”。广以校园内的生态人工湖便是一个自成一派的生态系统。人工湖收集来自建筑物屋面与路面的雨水，在生态净化工程的作用下净化水质，维持水生态平衡。

实用性与观赏性并存的生态人工湖

人工生态湖中的水草

此外，广以校园内建立雨水收集利用系统，实现一水多用，错峰排水。该系统收集屋面和路面的雨水作为景观湖的水源，经过生态净化后作为景观用水和园林绿化灌溉用水。它有效地错开校园雨水排放时间与城市排水时间，一定程度上减轻雨天城市排水负担。

雨水收集管道

在节水基础设施建设方面，广以充分发挥以色列理工学院的技术优势，校园室外绿化灌溉系统采用微灌方式，设置土壤温湿度感应器及雨天自闭装置，按需灌溉。同时，校园内均采用用水效率达到一级的节水器具。另外，学校在节水宣传教育和日常节水管理方面均实现常态化。

广以校园室外绿化灌溉

以色列滴灌技术应用在广以校园

滴灌技术图示（右一，来源网络）

“渗、滞、蓄、净、用、排”六大方针并施，通过人工湖和地面透水铺装实现存蓄滞留、消纳雨水的功能，这使得广以绿色校园建设及节水措施取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。

目前正在建设的广以南校区将继续落实“绿色校园”和“海绵城市”建设理念，计划建设面积约3000㎡的“雨水花园”，相信这将会成为校园内又一宜人的景观。

The measures and effects of GTIIT's construction of sponge campus were approved bytheAcceptance Team ofNational Water-saving City Project. Let's take a look at how GTIIT constructs thesponge campus!

The ground dried out quickly after a bottle of water poured on it.How can the ground suck up so much water like a spongein such a short time? What's the difference between the special ground and ordinary ground?

65.4% of the ground at GTIIT is covered by permeable materials, which makeuse of the multi-pore characteristics to effectively improve waterpermeability.

permeable and gravel ground (left)VS marble ground (right)

What makes the permeable pavement so popular?

GTIIT's pavement with permeablematerials

The pressure of urban underground drainage system increases sharply when rains heavily.Not only the waterlogging brings troubles to people, but also causes security risks that cannot be ignored. The construction of sponge city effectively solves this problem. Water is absorbed, stored and purified when it rains. While when needed, the stored water will bereleasedfor use.

diagram of sponge city system (source: Internet)

Using permeable pavement is one of the measuresto build sponge city.

GTIIT has already had the prospective consciousnessin the early daysof design and construction and greatlycombinedthe concepts of constructing sponge city and saving water.The measures and effects of GTIIT's construction of sponge campus were approved bythe Acceptance Team ofNational Water-saving City Project.

The artificial lake in GTIIT is an ecosystem in its own right. The lake collects rainwater fromroofs and pavement. It purifies the water and maintain the balance of hydroecology under the effect of ecological purification system.

artificial lake with both practicality and ornamental value

water plants in the artificial lake

A rainwater collection and utilization system has been set up in GTIIT to realize the multi-use of water and staggereddrainage. The system collects rainwater from roofs and pavementand uses it as water source of the artificial lake. After the process ofecological purification, the water can also be used for irrigation. It effectively staggers the time of campus drainage and urban drainage, which greatly reduces the burden of urban drainage in rainy days.

rainwater collection pipes

In terms of water-saving infrastructure construction, GTIIT has taken full advantages of the technology from Technion andadopted micro-irrigation method onoutdoor virescenceirrigation. It realizes on-demand irrigation by setting thesensors of soil temperature and humidity and controlingthe self-closing device on rainy days.Secondly, water-saving appliances with level 1 efficiencyare used on campus.In addition, GTIIT has achieved normalization in the aspects of water-saving publicity, education and daily management.

outdoor virescenceirrigation on campus

the application of Israeli drip irrigation technology at GTIIT

diagram of drip irrigation (right one, source: Internet)

With all kinds of water-saving measures, GTIIT has achieved great economic and social benefits in the process of constructinggreen campus.

The concepts of green campus and sponge city will continue to be implemented during the construction of GTIIT's south campus. A rain garden with an area of about 3,000㎡is planned to be built, which will become another landscape inGTIIT.

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文/图：GTIIT传媒与公共事务部

Text/Photos: GTIIT News & Public Affairs