Culture Experience | 潮汕文化魅力之旅——乡土建筑篇

为丰富校园文化生活，广东以色列理工学院于近期举办潮汕乡土建筑、潮绣、茶艺等一系列潮汕特色文化体验活动，以促进广以师生对潮汕优秀传统文化的认识和了解，让更多的人感受到来自潮汕文化的魅力。

这场文化盛宴的首发是潮汕乡土建筑解读分享会。

8月22日，中国民间文艺家协会会员、广东省摄影家协会会员蔡海松先生为广以师生带来了一场潮汕建筑文化分享会，从建筑的形式、特色、装饰等方面畅谈潮汕乡土建筑之美。

潮汕地区历史悠久，人文荟萃，保存了大量形态相近特色鲜明的乡土建筑及其村落。这些建筑继承了中国传统建筑的精华，追求天、地、人三者的和谐统一，崇尚自然、文化、艺术、意景与建筑的交融。同时，它充分地融合了潮汕地方文化和气候环境特征，建筑上形成了外封闭、内开敞的平面布局，体现了潮汕地区历史时期的文化积淀，具有很高的历史、艺术、科学价值。

“潮汕乡土建筑最大的特点就是精致，精致之一在于建筑基本形式的美好意蕴。”蔡老师介绍道，“下山虎”、“五间过”、“驷马拖车”、“百鸟朝凤”等建筑形式都是以“四点金”为基本形式而变化。“四点金”的平面格局是以方型为基础的九宫格形式，中央为天井庭院，四正为厅堂，四维为正房，形成“井”形的中心对称格局，有些类似北方的“四合院”。院落这种让自然与人融合亲近的形式，也是被认为最完美，最适合潮汕人的居住方式。

“有文化的传承所以看得见血脉的相依；有四季的变换所以感受得到自然的体温；有历史的记忆所以沉淀得下现实的思考；有人性的肌理所以拥有了生活的预感。”蔡老师有感而发。

“精致之二在于建筑装饰的巧夺天工。”不必说潮汕石雕的镂空雕刻，数十年的精雕细琢令顽钝坚硬的石头在艺人刀凿之下变得柔顺又有灵气；也不必说木雕装饰的金碧辉煌，惟妙惟肖的造型和各种彩漆相得益彰的配合让人叹为观止；单是嵌瓷装饰中对于视觉美感和数学计算的极致运用，就已激起在场的听众对于中国工匠的深深敬佩。

总体意义上潮汕文化也许不适合以“大气磅礴”道之，它既不宣扬惊世骇俗的高调，也不追求幽独孤寂的诗情，而是在丝丝入扣的劳作中感受温柔妥帖的蕴藉，在浓丽的现世情怀中品味儒雅风流的古意。

沐浴着潮汕文化长大的蔡老师，当被问道为何愿意花费大半辈子去研究潮汕建筑时，他腼腆一笑，答了两字“乡愁”。

In order to enrich the campus cultural life, a series of Chaoshan cultural experience activities, such as Chaoshan vernacular architecture, Chao Embroidery and Chaoshan Gongfu tea art performance are held at GTIIT, to promote the understanding of the excellent traditional culture of Chaoshan area and let more people feel the charm of it.

The first cultural activity of this series is Chaoshan vernacular architecture lecture.

On August 22, Mr. Cai Haisong, a member of Chinese Folk Literature and Art Association and Guangdong Photographers Association, brought a lecture to GTIIT teachers and students, talking about the beauty of Chaoshan local architecture.

Chaoshan area has a long history, a large number of people and cultures, and has also preserved lots of local buildings with obvious features. These buildings inherit Chinese traditional architecture, whose essence is to pursue the harmony and unity of the three elements of heaven, earth and human beings, and advocate nature and culture. The blending of art, nature and architecture fully integrates the local culture and climate characteristics. Specifically, the building has formed a plane layout with closed outside and open inside. It reflects the cultural accumulation in the historical period of Chaoshan area, and has a high historical, artistic and scientific value.

"The most important feature of Chaoshan architecture is exquisite. One of the delicacy lies in the beautiful implication of the basic form of architecture." Said Mr. Cai. The shapes of "Downhill Tiger", "Five Rooms", "Sima Trailer" and "Birds paying homage to the phoenix" are all based on "Four-point Gold", whose construction is shaped like a Chinese character "well", similar to the "Quadrangle Courtyard" in Northern China. Courtyard, a form of integration and closeness between nature and people, is regarded as the most suitable living space for people in Chaoshan area.

The second delicacy lies in the superb workmanship of architectural decoration. The extreme usage of visual beauty and mathematical calculation could make the audience who attended the lecture deeply admired the Chinese craftsmen.

Mr. Cai, who grew up in Chaoshan, was asked why he was willing to spend most of his timestudying Chaoshan architecture. He smiled and answered "because of homesickness".

文：刘华一、GTIIT传媒与公共事务部

图：陈彦帆、王心怡、GTIIT传媒与公共事务部

Text:Liu Huayi,GTIIT News & Public Affairs

Photos: Chen Yanfan, Wang Xinyi, GTIIT News & Public Affairs