2012年全国统一高考英语试卷（湖北卷）(3)

A. Airplane.

B. Subway.

C. Tram.

D. Car.

C

It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland’s oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education. A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers. Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873, the seven-page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on International Women’s Day.

The document was discovered buried in the university archives (档案) by part-time history student Lis Smith, who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research. She said: “We knew that Sophia Jex-Blake and her supporters, in their effort to open up university medical education for women, had written to the Senatus Academicus (校评议委员会) at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there, but we didn’t know documentary evidence existed. While searching the archives for information about the university’s higher certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex-Blake wrote.”

In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance-learning degree for women. The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students. It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.

Ms Jex-Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874. She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. Eventually, she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice.

59. Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted _______.

A. to carry out a research project there

B. to set up a medical institute there

C. to study medicine there

D. to deliver lectures there

60. Lis Smith found Sophia’s letter to St Andrews University _______.

A. by pure chance

B. in the school office

C. with her supporters’ help

D. while reading history books

61. Sophia’s letter resulted in the establishment of _______.

A. the London School of Medicine for Women

B. a degree programme for women

C. a system of medical education

D. the University of Berne

62. When did St Andrews University begin to take full-time women students?

A. In 1873.

B. In 1874.

C. In 1877.

D. In 1892.

D

How is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.

Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others’ lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”.

A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.

One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.

63. The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “_______”.

A. in a different family environment

B. in a different family tradition

C. in different family crises

D. in different families

64. In terms of language development, later-borns ________.

A. get their parents’ individual guidance

B. learn a lot from their elder siblings

C. experience a lot of difficulties

D. pick up words more quickly

65. What was found about fights among siblings?

A. Siblings hated fighting and loved playing.

B. Siblings in some families fought frequently.

C. Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships.

D. Siblings learned to get on together from fights.

66. The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means “_______”.

A. having qualities of parents

B. having qualities of women

C. having defensive qualities

D. having extraordinary qualities

E

Brrriiinnng. The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning. You jump out of bed, rush into the shower, into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think. A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing. Once at the office, you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters. In that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problem-solving work?

The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible, open-minded thinking. Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when we’re unfocused. If you are one of those energetic morning people, your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed. Sleepy people’s lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving. By not giving yourself time to tune into your wandering mind, you’re missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer.

The trip you take to work doesn’t help, either. The stress slows down the speed with which signals travel between neurons (神经细胞), making inspirations less likely to occur. And while we all should read a lot about what’s going on in the world, it would not make you feel good for sure, so put that news website or newspaper aside until after the day’s work is done.

So what would our mornings look like if we wanted to start them with a full capacity for creative problem solving? We’d set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, following our thoughts where they lead. We’d stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower, stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation. We’d take some deep breaths on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic. And once in the office—after we get a cup of coffee—we’d click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.

67. According to the author, we are more creative when we are _______.

A. focused

B. relaxed

C. awake

D. busy

68. What does the author imply about newspapers?

A. They are solution providers.

B. They are a source of inspiration.

C. They are normally full of bad news.

D. They are more educational than websites.

69. By “tune into your wandering mind” (in Para. 2), the author means “_______”.

A. wander into the wild

B. listen to a beautiful tune

C. switch to the traffic channel

D. stop concentrating on anything

70. The author writes the last paragraph in order to _______.

A. offer practical suggestions

B. summarize past experiences

C. advocate diverse ways of life

D. establish a routine for the future

第四部分：书面表达(共两节，满分50分)

第一节：完成句子（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)

阅读下列各小题，根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。

71. With ________, some animals are facing the danger of dying out. (cut)

由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。

72. Popularly ________ American films ever made, The Godfather is a milestone of cinema. (regard)

《教父》被普遍认为是美国有史以来最好的影片之一，是电影界的一个里程碑。

73. I don’t know ________ in the novel that made him burst into tears. (what)

我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。

74. Little ________ what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance. (care)

她不在乎外表，她在乎的是自己的工作表现。

75. Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule, we ________ the train. (miss)

要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。

76. However ________, I could not read his handwriting. (try)

不论我怎样努力，还是没法看清他写的字。

77. In response to the audience’s great demand, the play ________ in the theatre twice a week. (put)

应观众的强烈要求，这部戏将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。

78. The soldier was absent from his camp for three days without ________. (ask)

这个士兵没有请假就离开营地三天。

79. Our understanding of education, work and society is ________ of the earlier generation. (different)

我们对教育、工作和社会的认识和我们上一代人的不同。

80. Things aren’t always ________. (appear)

事情往往不是它们看上去的那样。

第二节：短文写作（共1题；满分30分)

请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。

You cannot choose what you are given, but you can choose how you make use of it.

注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；

②除诗歌外，文体不限；

③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；

④词数为120左右。